Tollen's reagent is used for the detection of aldehyde when a solution of $\mathrm{AgNO}_3$ is added

Question

Tollen's reagent is used for the detection of aldehyde when a solution of $\mathrm{AgNO}_3$ is added to glucose with $\mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{OH}$ then gluconic acid is formed.
$
\mathrm{Ag}^{+}+e^{-} ightarrow \mathrm{Ag} ; E_{\mathrm{red}}^{\circ}=0.8 \mathrm{~V}
$
$\begin{aligned} & \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} ightarrow 	ext { gluconic acid }\left(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_7ight)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 e^{-} ; \ & \quad E_{	ext {oxd }}^{\circ}=-0.05 \mathrm{~V} \ & \mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3ight)_2^{+}+e^{-} ightarrow \mathrm{Ag}_{(s)}+2 \mathrm{NH}_3 ; E_{	ext {red }}^{\circ}=0.337 \mathrm{~V} \ & {\left[	ext { Use } 2.303 	imes \frac{R T}{F}=-0.0591 	ext { and } \frac{F}{R T}=38.92 	ext { at } 298 \mathrm{~K}ight]}\end{aligned}$

Professor PC Thomas Classes · Answer

See detailed solution for explanation.